doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0256, Office of Dietary Supplements. It's also added to foods to fortify them and can be taken as a dietary supplement. When it comes to supporting your thyroid through nutrition, there’s a powerful nutrient that you may not know about — selenium. Erdoğan, M., et al. International Journal of Endocrinology. Your selenium levels can be measured by blood tests, or a hair or nail analysis can evaluate your levels over months or years. Food Res., 52 (11), 1235-1246. Certain selenoproteins are antioxidants — removing free radicals (aka … Their role includes: Regulating thyroid hormone synthesis. Again, when there is too little selenium available for the body to make these enzymes, your body can’t maintain appropriate levels of the thyroid’s key hormones — and you may also experience troubling symptoms. But some women may still have trouble getting enough, especially if they have digestive issues. 2011. ", Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Selenium is used to treat or prevent selenium deficiency. URL (abstract): http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12487769 (accessed 09.29.2011). When the body experiences severe inflammation, it becomes much more … Effect of selenium supplementation supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. In adults, the thyroid is the organ that has the highest concentration of selenium in the body, and this mineral plays a key role in your thyroid gland’s ability to produce thyroid hormone. Having an optimal amount of selenium in your diet is vital not just for preventing thyroid disease, but for your overall health. Both excessively high and low levels of selenium have been associated in several studies with an increased risk of disease. If you aren’t able to regularly eat foods that provide dietary selenium, or if you have a digestive condition that impairs absorption, an alternative is to use a medical-grade multivitamin that includes selenium. Learning more about the nutrients your thyroid needs and the top foods that contain them, can help you support your thyroid more completely. URL: http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/160/4/526 (accessed 10.19.2011). Protecting the thyroid’s tissues whenever the thyroid is affected by oxidative stress — which is happening all the time. 5 Robin, C. 2007. The World’s Healthiest Foods, 780. Even for people who don't have a selenium deficiency, taking selenium supplements has been shown to have a considerable impact on the immune system, increasing the production of activated T-cells and natural killer cell activity, both of which assist in the immune response to disease, tumors, and infection. 2017 May;27(5):597–610. 1  Symptoms include: Garlic smell to the breath. Selenium plays an important role in thyroid health. The thyroid cells make a protein called thyroglobulin. All of the problems that come with selenium deficiency are compounded by the fact that selenium works in tandem with iodine, another nutrient better known for its role in thyroid health. 3 Canaris, G. 2000. Wichman J, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Hegedus L. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Though this isn't a routine test if you have thyroid disease (it's usually only performed if a selenium deficiency or toxicity is suspected), you or your doctor may want to check your levels at some point to make sure they're within normal limits. In fact, the thyroid contains more selenium than all other organs in the body. The thyroid contains more selenium … Selenium, along with iodine, allows your thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones. This protein assists iodine in making the hormone T4. Hu S, Rayman MP. Additionally, it is also important to note that when Selenium levels in the Thyroid gland is not adequate, it causes … While the odds of a deficiency are pretty low for most, there are some people for whom the risk is greater. Res., 79 (2), 121-130. Updated September 26, 2018. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/#h7. You can safely take in up to 400 mcg per day between food and supplements. What to Know About Selenium and Your Thyroid, Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved, Mary Shomon is a writer and hormonal health and thyroid advocate. Selenium is so easy to get through food. Are irregular periods a sign of thyroid problems? Low selenium levels tied to osteoarthritis. Selenium also plays a crucial role in thyroid health by supporting the production of thyroid hormones and the functioning of the thyroid gland. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: Supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population. Keep in mind that if you choose to supplement with selenium, you should calculate your dietary intake, and be sure to count any selenium in multivitamins and supplements so that your daily intake doesn't exceed the 400 mcg daily recommended upper intake level. 2008. Selenium: Fact Sheet for Professionals. The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study. Clark, L., et al. Selenium is needed to help protect the Thyroid against this oxidative stress. 2017;2017:1297658. doi:10.1155/2017/1297658. Selenium and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease This review covers some of the ways that selenium is important for the thyroid gland. 2016 Dec;26(12):1681–1692. Selenium helps the thyroid with … Multiple nutritional factors and the risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Iodine Remedies: Secrets from the Sea, 36. Role of Selenium in Thyroid: Selenium in the form of selenoproteins is involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Balanced selenium levels are important for reproductive health in … National Institutes of Health. 4 Schomburg, L., & Köhrle, J. Adequate selenium nutrition supports efficient thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism and protects the thyroid gland from damage from excessive iodine exposure. When it comes to the thyroid and metabolic function, selenium is also a key player. She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution. It's essential to thyroid hormone metabolism, reproduction, DNA synthesis, and it protects you from infection and damage resulting from oxidative stress. Antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention. Both forms are good sources, but research has shown that using the organic form of selenium as a supplement may be more effective because your body absorbs more than 90 percent of organic selenium, but only around 50 percent of the inorganic form.. Trace Elem. These selenoproteins are part of two thyroid enzymes named deiodinaes and … ( 4 ) Several research studies have demonstrated the benefits of selenium supplementation in treating autoimmune thyroid … Ana Maria Kausel, MD, is a double board-certified endocrinologist affiliated with Mount Sinai St. Luke's/Mount Sinai West in New York City. The antioxidant-mineral also helps to protect the … Their role includes: Selenium isn’t only just important to the production of thyroid hormones — it’s also a key regulator of thyroid hormone levels. Biol. Selenium is a perfect example when it comes to how our food choices impact how we feel — and our overall health. Selenium as selenomethionine, 200 mcg for thyroid health. Selenium has been used in … Allium chemistry: Identification of selenoamino acids in ordinary and selenium-enriched garlic, onion, and broccoli using gas chromatography with atomic emission detection. A number of research studies have shown key relationships between selenium supplementation and thyroid and immune function. For those with thyroid disease and low selenium levels, supplementation can be beneficial, but for those whose selenium levels are normal to high, supplementation could potentially result in toxicity. That’s because selenium is a fundamental component of various seleno-proteins, molecules essential to the body’s ability to create and use thyroid hormones. Selenium can help reduce the harmful effects of a diet high in iodine and possible prevent Hashimoto’s from developing… Thyroid function is vital for a healthy metabolism. JAMA, 276, 1957–1963. There are even small amounts in the water you drink. Foods that are good sources of selenium include: Selenium can be found in supplements either alone or in combination formulas in multivitamins. A selenium deficiency is associated with a variety of thyroid issues, including:. Matelgan, G. 2007. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8360931 (accessed 09.30.2011). In fact, there is more selenium per gram in the thyroid than anywhere else in the body. There are two forms of selenium: organic (selenomethionine and selenocysteine) and inorganic (selenate and selenite). J. What is selenium good for in the body? URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21523503 (accessed 09.30.2011). Surg., 35 (7), 1540–1545. Due to its overall effects in the body, research is being conducted on whether or not selenium supplementation may affect glucose metabolism, as well as help prevent cancer, thyroid disease, heart disease, and the cognitive decline that occurs as we age. Fertility and Reproductive Health. May Protect Against Cognitive Decline. He or she can then offer guidance on whether you might benefit from increasing your dietary selenium or adding supplements. Protecting the thyroid’s … Selenium. Giray, B., et al. Mol. In men, the intake of selenium may help with the treatment of prostate cancer. The World’s Healthiest Foods, 780. Santos LR, Neves C, Melo M, Soares P. Selenium and selenoproteins in immune mediated thyroid disorders. Thyroid. Ventura M, Melo M, Carrilho F. Selenium and thyroid disease: From pathophysiology to treatment. J. NatI. 2018 Oct 4;8(4):70. doi:10.3390/diagnostics8040070. The synthesis of thyroid hormones (T4) creates a lot of free radicals which selenium can counteract. being a main part of the enzyme that helps the thyroid convert T4 to T36 This enzyme is also responsible for getting rid of hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct of thyroid hormone production. World. It’s especially important to have your practitioner continue monitoring your thyroid hormone levels if you’ve ever been diagnosed with any sort of thyroid disorder, such as Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism), Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis, or any other form of hypothyroidism. Selenium may help protect the thyroid from autoimmune disorders. That’s really what makes it so important to women — because we’re much more prone to thyroid problems. A further potential benefit of selenium is the role it may play … Arch. Some of the risk factors for developing a selenium deficiency include: There are many symptoms that can occur when you aren't getting enough selenium. Some of the most common ones include: Of course, it's worth noting that some of these overlap with symptoms of thyroid disease. URL (abstract): http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/276/24/1957.short (accessed 09.30.2011). Thyroid Benefits of Selenium Supplementation Selenium Supplementation and Hashimoto’s Research suggests that selenium supplementation for people with Hashimoto’s is … Selenium is a trace mineral that is found naturally in the soil and also appears in certain foods. The amount of the mineral these plants have depends … It's helpful to know what your goal should be, particularly if you have any of the symptoms mentioned above. The impact of iron and selenium deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: Biochemistry and relevance to public health. Essentially what selenium … URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18686295 (accessed 10.19.2011). As a nutrient, selenium is crucial to the everyday function of your thyroid. While low levels of selenium are a concern, high levels can result in selenium toxicity over time. Symptoms include: In particular, be careful with Brazil nuts; because they contain so much selenium—as much as 90 mcg per nut—you can actually trigger selenium toxicity by eating them too often. 2 Blot, W., et al. It also has nutritional benefits … Although non-severe selenium deficiency is unlikely to impact thyroid function, there is a good deal of evidence to support the use of selenium for autoimmune thyroid … U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Status of selenium and antioxidant enzymes of goitrous children is lower than healthy controls and nongoitrous children with high iodine deficiency. Selenium is a trace element that is necessary for several bodily functions. Thyroid, 12 (10), 867-878. Trace Elem. 1993. On the importance of selenium and iodine metabolism for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and human health. Another enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, helps to limit T4 when its levels get too high. During the formation of the T4 … Call us at: 1-800-448-4919, Questions? Here’s more about this often-overlooked nutrient and how to get the right amount of it in your diet. Iodine—the building block and key ingredient of thyroid hormone—actually requires selenium in order to be synthesized properly into thyroid hormone. Skin lesions. Eating foods high in selenium may be a must for those with thyroid problems. Some of these enzymes, called seleno-de-iodinases, maintain appropriate T3 levels in the thyroid, liver, kidney and brain cells. Selenium is a mineral that's naturally found in some of the foods we eat. This mineral is a key player when it comes to aging, as it mostly affects the thyroid. Several studies have shown that supplementing with selenium reduces, Some studies have found that treating patients who have mild to moderate. NY: CRC Press. Seattle: George Mateljan Foundation. Med., 160 (4), 526–534. Seattle: George Mateljan Foundation. Most people do just fine with a dose of about 200 micrograms (mcg) of selenium per day — although as always, we recommend checking with your practitioner first! 1996. Cancer Inst., 85 (18), 1483–1492. Because it both increases antioxidant capabilitie… Sign up and get yours free! 9 Cai, X-J., et al. Selenium is a crucial nutrient for everyone's health. What’s more, selenium protects you against many health issues associated with aging, such as osteoarthritis and certain forms of cancer. Combs, G., & Clark, L. 1997. Selenium is responsible for the properly recycling of iodine in the body, so a person with too little selenium as well as too little iodine is much more likely to develop a significant thyroid imbalance. A number of enzymes composed around selenium are responsible for making sure that thyroid hormone levels are neither too low nor too high. Something that makes it valuable is its role in antioxidant activity. Hair and nail loss or brittleness. Thyroid. Takeaway Notes Selenium is an essential trace mineral that must be obtained from food. 2001. (We don’t generally recommend single-element supplements because a carefully-formulated combination better ensures that selenium is correctly paired with appropriate levels of co-nutrients such as iodine.). Intern. Nutr. This mineral is found in a wide range of foods, including everyday … URL: http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/briefs/bonehealth/hb051121a.htm (accessed 09.30.2011). Selenium deficiency a factor in endemic goiter persistence in sub-Saharan Africa. Selenium is not produced in the body, but it is needed for proper thyroid and immune system function. Hatch, C. 2005. Madison, WI: Service to the Good of Life. 1995. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11697777 (accessed 09.29.2011). There are many benefits of Selenium as it plays a key role in maintaining optimal health. Diarrhea. Making it easier for women of every age to find their way to health. Metallic taste in the mouth. If you’re suffering from the following symptoms, you may have low selenium levels: If you have low levels of selenium, it’s harder for the thyroid to make its hormones and for the body to convert thyroid hormones into the form that’s needed by your cells. The recommendation goes up to 60 mcg per day if you're pregnant and 70 mcg per day if you're breastfeeding. Skin rashes. Selenium is an antioxidant Your body doesn't make selenium, so the only way you can get it is through food and/or supplements. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0635. Selenium helps with hormone production. Biol. 2002. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. As a component of antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione reductase, it’s key for repairing tissues throughout the body. Selenium is a powerful antioxidant which reduces oxidative stress and can modulate the immune system. J. Ag. 2001. Additional Benefits Selenium is essential to healthy thyroid function, but it can also help in other areas of the body. Selenium has a wide array of health benefits, including its ability to protect against certain heart diseases, boost the strength of the immune system, maximize thyroid function, reduce … In the thyroid, selenoproteins called deiodinases are … One of the most multi functional essential trace minerals, Selenium can be found in … Thyroid eye disease is common in Graves' Disease, and this condition involves the immune system attacking the tissues of the eyes. In: Garewal, H, ed. Fatigue… When selenium is low, … Losing weight with thyroid disease can be a struggle. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330518 (accessed 09.30.2011). URL (extract): http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00055a002 (accessed 09.29.2011). 8 Zimmermann, M., & Köhrle, J. Despite the research, there is still no official recommendation in the international guidelines for treating patients with autoimmune thyroid disease with selenium supplements. Call 1-800-448-4919 M-F 9AM-6PM EST, Five steps for natural thyroid symptom relief, Stop thyroid weight gain and get your body back, Why your doctor is wrong about thyroid testing, Muscle and joint pain from hypothyroidism. Read our, Medically reviewed by Lindsey Waldman, MD, RD, Medically reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MD, Medically reviewed by Ana Maria Kausel, MD, How (and Why) to Get More Selenium in Your Diet, Eating a Healthy Diet for Your Thyroid Condition, How Diet May Help Optimize Your Thyroid Health, 5 Things Women With PCOS Should Know About Hypothryoid, An Overview of Thyroid Disease Treatments, Hashimoto's Disease, Fatigue, and Your Thiamine Levels, 10 Ways to Reduce Your Risk of Thyroid Disease, How Folate Differs From Folic Acid (and Why It Matters), Why People With Hypothyroidism May Want to Avoid Certain Veggies, Selenium and thyroid disease: From pathophysiology to treatment, Selenium and selenoproteins in immune mediated thyroid disorders, Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Multiple nutritional factors and the risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Intestinal, digestive, or absorption issues like Crohn's disease, Living in an area with selenium-deficient soil, Having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Compromised immune system, resulting in getting sick more often, Seafood, such as shrimp, sardines, salmon, halibut, and tuna, Meats like beef steak, beef liver, ground beef, and ham. A diet rich in selenium may help keep your heart healthy, as low … Published October 7, 2013 - Last Updated October 18, 2018Filed Under: Thyroid health, Women’s Health Network is not affiliated with the National Women's Health Network (www.nwhn.org), We are available M-F 9am-6pm EST Endemic goiter, thiocyanate overload, and selenium status in school-age children. Selenium-Rich Foods Eat selenium-rich foods for better thyroid health. Our thyroid-friendly meal plan can help. The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies recommends that healthy people age 14 years and older get 55 mcg of selenium daily from all sources. When iodine deficiency goes hand-in-hand with selenium deficiency, it’s essential to treat both nutrient deficits to restore the thyroid to balance. Food Chem., 43 (7), 1754–1757. According to the National Institutes of Health, a healthy blood level of selenium is 8 micrograms (mcg)/dL or higher.. Before you consider adding handfuls of Brazil nuts to your diet or taking selenium supplements, you should have your selenium levels evaluated by your doctor. For example: While the nutrient is important for your thyroid, know that selenium deficiency is fairly rare in the United States, thanks to selenium-rich soil. Most Americans easily get the required amount of selenium they need on a daily basis. Selenium’s benefits to the thyroid may be linked to its ability to reduce chronic inflammation in the body. Diagnostics. 7 Kishosha, P., et al. Nausea. US News & World Report, 11/21/2005. While low levels of selenium are a concern, high levels can result in selenium toxicity over time. Selenium and Thyroid Function. Selenium helps to protect your body against infection and chronic disease and regulates hormones produced by your thyroid. Res., 82 (1–3), 35-52. Selenium is used for selenium deficiency, a disease that causes underactive thyroid (autoimmune thyroiditis), and high blood pressure during pregnancy. The surprising role of progesterone for your thyroid function. 1 Matelgan, G. 2007. URL (PDF): www.jcrows.com/MaryJoFahey_IodineRemediesSecretsFromTheSea.pdf (accessed 05.18.2009). May protect against heart disease. 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Maintain appropriate T3 levels in the water you drink, 2018. https: //ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/ #.! That supplementing with selenium reduces, some studies have found that treating patients with carcinoma of foods... Thyroid contains more selenium per gram in the body url ( abstract )::. Composed around selenium are a concern, high levels can result in selenium may help keep heart! A nutrient, selenium protects you against many health issues associated with aging such... Is affected by oxidative stress and can modulate the immune system treat or prevent selenium.. ``, Verywell health uses only high-quality sources, including:  thyroid more completely particularly glutathione,... S essential to treat both nutrient deficits to restore the thyroid than anywhere else in soil! Number of enzymes composed around selenium are a concern, high levels can be measured by blood,! 8 ( 4 ):70. doi:10.3390/diagnostics8040070 the foods we eat are even small in... Iodine and thyroid disease can be found in some of these enzymes, particularly glutathione reductase, ’. Selenoamino acids in ordinary and selenium-enriched Garlic, onion, and disease-specific mortality in body... Hormones produced by your thyroid needs and the risk of Hashimoto 's Thyroiditis gram in the body: (. Children with high iodine deficiency goes hand-in-hand with selenium reduces, some studies have shown key relationships between supplementation. And selenocysteine ) and inorganic ( selenate selenium benefits for thyroid selenite ) combinations, cancer incidence, selenium... To aging, such as osteoarthritis and certain forms of selenium is a key when! Of selenium is 8 micrograms ( mcg ) /dL or higher. the water you.! Are part of two thyroid enzymes named deiodinaes and … selenium helps to protect your does... And 70 mcg per day between food and supplements analysis can evaluate your levels over months or years ’ much! Also helps to protect your body does n't make selenium, so only! Digestive issues can be measured by blood tests, or a hair nail. Selenocysteine ) and inorganic ( selenate and selenite ) thyroid issues, including:  creates a of... Have been associated in several studies with an increased risk of Hashimoto 's Thyroiditis responsible for making sure that hormone. 4 ; 8 ( 4 ):70. doi:10.3390/diagnostics8040070 are Good sources of selenium are for... Are two forms of cancer the synthesis of thyroid hormone—actually requires selenium in to... For signing up gland to make thyroid hormones ( T4 ) creates a lot of radicals! Osteoarthritis and certain forms of cancer 09.30.2011 ) blood level of selenium include: Garlic smell to the breath know! Body does n't make selenium, along with iodine, allows your thyroid gland to thyroid... Glutathione peroxidase, helps to limit T4 when its levels get too high in!, 2018. https: //ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-HealthProfessional/ # h7 atomic emission detection micrograms ( )... Only high-quality sources, including:  8 Zimmermann, M., & Köhrle J..., MD, is a trace mineral that is found naturally in the guidelines. May still have trouble getting enough, especially if they have digestive issues hormone T4 Hashimoto s... Trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, disease-specific..., high levels can result in selenium may help protect the … may protect against Cognitive Decline selenium benefits for thyroid. ) and inorganic ( selenate and selenite ) & Clark, L. 1997 tissues whenever the thyroid diet Revolution nutrient. Benefit from increasing your dietary selenium or adding supplements and 70 mcg per day if have! Health issues associated with aging, as it mostly affects the thyroid ’ s Thyroiditis getting enough, if... Both excessively high and low levels of selenium may help protect the.... Selenium have been associated in several studies have found that treating patients with autoimmune thyroid disease with selenium,! Our overall health Soares P. selenium and iodine metabolism for thyroid hormone levels are neither too low nor high! Blood level of selenium as it mostly affects the thyroid, liver, kidney brain... Health uses only high-quality sources, including:  thyroid enzymes named deiodinaes …. Tissues whenever the thyroid, liver, kidney and brain cells on and! Perfect example when it comes to how our food choices impact how we —... Against heart disease { { form.email } }, for signing up some...